Yes, this will come with all mounting hardware as well as a T-15 Torx wrench.
Yes, the low height Talley rings should be tall enough to accommodate a scope with a 42mm objective lens.
The low rings will not clear a 50mm objective for your scope.
Yes, these are anodized black, which will have a matte finish.
These rings will work with a Vanguard however, this specific model is for scopes with a 1" tube, the Vortex Viper PST 6-24x50 has a 30mm tube. You would need to use these Talley rings - MPN:750734 which can be found here: https://www.opticsplanet.com/talley-scope-mount.html?_iv_code=9E-MT-SMRSSWY-750734
Yes, these rings will work with your rifle and scope, they should also allow enough clearance for the use of flip caps.
I would recommend a medium extended front mount. Medium because Vortex scopes run large on the ocular end which will cause bolt clearance issues. Extended because it's a long action; they will give you more room for adjustment for eye relief.
These should work but I would get the extended mounts just to be safe with the long action in order to have enough length b/w mounts for scope tube. These are designated by 'x' in model number, eg. 93x734 instead of 930734. You might also want medium heights instead of lows if you plan on running flip up or otherwise thick lens covers, Medium extended rings are model# 94x734 and that's what I would choose to be safe, but low extended rings 93x734 should also fit a 40mm scope if you aren't gonna use a big lens cover, it'll just be a tighter fit. Hope this helps.
We need some additional information in order to make a recommendation. Please contact us at techsales@opticsplanet.com with the objective size of your Buckmaster II scope and we will be happy to assist further.
Yes, these should fit, the Weatherguard is part of the Vanguard lineup.