These use Aero Precision barrels.
The 16" Aero Precision M4E1 Threaded .223 Wylde Upper Receivers have a mid length gas system and the 18" models have a rifle length gas system.
No, it does not. Listed in the description in the bottom.
Yes, it will work on any milspec AR-15 lower receiver, including all of Aero Precision's AR-15 lowers.
These are the Atlas S-One style.
The 16" barrel models are a government profile, the 18" barrels are a heavier style, but not a full heavy barrel.
If you use an Aero Precision bolt carrier group, no headspacing should be required. If you use a different brand, it is always recommended to check headspace.
These come assembled.