The weight is 9.3 oz with the barrel nut.
Yes, these handguards can be installed onto a standard AR-15 BCM upper.
Yes, this should fit.
Super slim 1.5 inch outside diameter, 1.3 inch inside diameter
That will be completely up to your personal preference, but I personally think the 15 inch would look the best out of the options currently listed.
Unfortunately because of the wide variance of billet upper receivers perfect fitment cannot be guaranteed. The best option would be to contact Black Rain Ordnance and see if they have tried the combination out otherwise the best way to test it is to try it or hopefully someone who has tried it can speak up.
This will not fit an Anderson AR10 because these handguards are meant specifically for AR-15 upper receivers.
The exact length of the handguard is 10.5 inches.
It would most likely be best to step down in length because what you want to try to avoid is the muzzle blast and gasses from the barrel being confined by the handguard as I have seen this cause a catastrophic failure because the muzzle blast blows out the end of the handguard. The only way to avoid this would be to get a muzzle device that extends past the handguard and does not have any porting that is under the end of the handguard.
If you have a fixed front sight gas block that is at 12 inches, then this handguard will not work without swapping that gas block out for a low profile gas block so the handguard can fit over the gas block.