Yes, an adjustable gas block should operate fine with the kit.
Yes, but be sure to use the “Enhanced” handguard— which interfaces with BAR barrel nut. Do not use with the Atlas or Quantum handguards.
Just as long as the handguard’s internal diameter is at least 1 7/8 in.
The clearance needs to be at least 1 7/8 in (per the manufacture).
This will only work with carbine-length gas systems. It most likely won't fit the 20" barrel since most barrels that long use a rifle length gas system. It might work on your 16" barrel, but only if it's a carbine length gas barrel and not a mid-length gas barrel.
The regular op-rod measures 6 3/8”. The modified carbine op-rod is exactly the same length, but the shaft (the black portion) is 2 5/16” long while the regular Carbine shaft is 2 25/32”. The modified rod allows for more travel when using a free-floating hand guard’s wider barrel nut.
Unfortunately we only carry the carbine length versions at this time but Osprey Defense does make this for mid-length and rifle-length as well.