No, they are not the same. .308 Winchester loads are higher pressure loads than 7.62 NATO and you should be very cautious about using them in some barrels marked 7.62x51, particularly older guns. But in this case, Rock River Arms specifies that both are safe in this barrel. I have not been able to find the exact barrel markings on the 308 Operator, but rest assured, both loads are fine for use in this upper.