The Defender-ST Enclosed also has a larger window than the Defender-CCW Enclosed
The Vortex Defender-ST Enclosed has a semi-DPP footprint - it's shorter in length than the optic cut of my SIG Sauer P226RXP DPP / Romeo1PRO cut slide, thus leaves almost a 1mm gap at the back of the optic (it might need to have a filler / spacer plate).
The Vortex Defender-CCW Enclosed has a RMSc footprint.
Yes, it will work fine on a 12 gauge, and you'll have no problems with it resisting recoil, even on a target gun.
The Vortex Defender-ST Enclosed is compatible with your Gen 6 Glock 19. Using the Deltapoint Pro adapter plate included with your Glock, you will be able to install it to your slide.
The Vortex Defender-ST Enclosed mounts directly to your optic ready slide without the need for an adapter plate.
I put the Defender CCW and it uses the RMSc footprint on my P365. I think the Vortex Defender-ST is bigger. The Vortex Defender-ST uses a Delta Point Pro footprint
By pushing the up and down brightness buttons briefly and simultaneously it changes from the dot to the circle, repeat and it changes to the the circle with the dot. It cycles back through if you keep pushing the buttons. once you select a reticle that will stay until and if you change it again
Yes, the Vortex Defender-ST Enclosed is compatible with the Springfield Echelon optic cut.
Yes, the Vortex Defender-ST features 10 Daylight settings, and 2 Night Vision.